Comparing and Contrasting Casino Royale and The Spy Who...

My essay is going to be about the similarities and differences between ‘Casino Royale’ and ‘The Spy Who Loved Me’. I Will explore all aspects of each film including, Bond, the Bond girls, the villain and enemy, special effects and the mise-en-scene. The opening scenes are both similar yet different in both films. ‘Casino Royale’ starts off with free running, a modern sport that makes the audience want to keep watching. It is dangerous, new age and suits the film itself. It is also a sport which isn’t something you can just try out at home, it needs a lot of skill and endurance. ‘The Spy Who Loved Me’ however, starts off with bond being chased by the enemy on the skiing slopes. Skiing is a very popular sport nowadays and many people†¦show more content†¦In ‘TSWLM’, Bond appealed more to the male audience as he was brave, clever and mischievous. Whereas in ‘CR’ bond appealed to both the male and female audience. This is because Daniel Craig who acts Bond in ‘CR’ is more sexy and sensitive in the film compared to the actor playing bond in ‘TSWLM’. But as well as appealing to the women he also still appeals to the male audience too because although he has a sensitive side he still has an adventurous and dangerous side to him too. And so the character of bond is portrayed different in both films. Although his character may change his role as Bond himself is still likewise. The role of bond is basically a man who fights villains and saves the day. He is a secret agent working for MI6. If you were to look for a character to play Bond the kind of things you would look out for in the actor would be as follows: tall, unique looking, fit and healthy, young and an actor who has a low profile so he would then be a type cast of Bond. The Bond girls are very stereotypical and are similar in both films in many ways. The typical role of a Bond girl is to be sexy and attractive and to be like a sidekick to Bond. The Bond girls aren’t supposed to be just a pretty face though. Beneath the beauty, they are also expected to be intelligent women that help Bond in his missions. Although both Bond girls have many similarities, they also have many differences which have played a big part in the change of the target audience. Vesper, the

A Delusion Of Satan By Frances Hill Essay - 1532 Words

The novel A Delusion of Satan written by Frances Hill describes the history of the Salem Witch Trials (â€Å"Salem†) in 1692, the causes and effects of the witch hysteria, and the biographies of major characters associated with the trials. In the novel, Hill started out explaining the Puritans’ beliefs and customs, the gender roles of men and women in Salem and why women were easily accused of being witches and practicing witchcraft in the 17th century. During that time, women were easily accused of practicing witchcraft because they were viewed as physically, politically and spiritually weaker than men. Men were perceived as the power, status, and worthy in the society, and they dominated women’s behavior and social status. In the 17th century, â€Å"Hegemonic Masculinity† was the criterion, and women were seen as â€Å"physically weaker† and inferior compared to men in the society, which made them easily become the targets of witch hunt (Mammone). Women were politically weaker than men because all of the high positions in the society and the Puritan Church were held by men, such as the position of judge, prosecutor and minister. As the Puritan believed in the biblical story of Adam and Eve, women were viewed as spiritually weaker than men. The souls of women were perceived as vulnerable to the devil’s traps, while the souls of men were less susceptible to the devil’s temptations (â€Å"The Salem Hysteria†). Therefore, the gender roles of men and women in the 17th century Salem society showedShow MoreRelatedA Delusion of Satan: Great Insight Into the Past Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesA Delusion of Satan was written in 1995 by Frances Hill, and published by Da Capo Press. Frances Hill, an accomplished writer and journalist from London, has been writing for a decent period of time. Aside from publishing two novels, Hill has written fiction reviews for The Time (London) and has worked as a reporter in i n both New York and London. With such an accomplished journalist, reporter, and writer, we are due to receive a good read in A Delusion of Satan. Set in the Colonial AmericanRead MoreA Delusion of Satan Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesTed Ford Dr. Strickland November 29, 2010 History 101 A Delusion of Satan A Delusion of Satan, was written by Frances Hill and covers in the personal situations of the people in Salem during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. The book opens up describing the intense and strict life style of the Puritan. Then we go into discussion of the town of Salem at the time, being owned by mainly the Putman family. The pastor there, Samuel Parris, has lived there in Salem since 1689. He residesRead MoreEssay on Salem Witch Trials1396 Words   |  6 Pagescentury, people were executed for being witches and follower of Satan. Most of these executions were performed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Mostly all of the accused were women, which makes some modern historians believe that the charges of witchcraft were a way of controlling the women who threatened the power of the men. During the witchcraft trials, hundreds of arrests were made, and some were even put to death on Gallow’s Hill (Karlsen 145). In 1698, the villagers of Salem won the right toRead MoreWhat Were The Salem Witch Trials1449 Words   |  6 PagesAftermaths? START OF WITCHCRAFT HYSTERIA A considerable lot of the American settlers carried with them, from Europe, a faith in witches and the devil. Amid the seventeenth century, individuals were often executed for being witches and worshiper of Satan. The Puritan town of Salem was home to where many executions of witches took place, more commonly known as the Salem witch trials. A scandalous scene in American history, the Salem witch trials of 1692 brought about the execution by hanging of fourteenRead MoreSalem Witch Trials Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagespunishments and were not limited to adults, children were treated the same if found to be going against the Puritan theology. The only books in a Puritan household were that of religious content. â€Å"Given the constant thundering by Puritans about Satan, sin and witches’ spells, it is not surprising that a sensitive child might be subject to fits and weeping and hysterical talk about witchcraft.† (Kallen, 2005) The settlers would live for many years with only one major crime happening inRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : A Series Of Events That Occurred3696 Words   |  15 PagesHowever, the men and women who attempted the test acted out and â€Å"were known to scream and writhe on the floor in the middle of the test.† Secondly, any physical evidence like birthmarks or warts were to be considered as portals to hell, or from which Satan could enter one’s body to become bewitched or possessed. As a last resort, many of the accused men and women of Salem were given the chance of a confession, therefore many pleaded to the village for repentance and forgiveness. Most of the accused menRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1635 Words   |  7 Pagescolonies that caused poor economic conditions, church conflict, teenage boredom and personal jealousy. A main reason was due to King William’s War in 1689 effect on the colonies, specifically Salem. William and Mary, English rulers started the war with France in the American colonies. This displaced many residents in Salem and put an economic strain in the colony. A rivalry grew between people who used agriculture to live off of and those that were wealthy due to the port of Salem (Blumberg 2007). AnotherRead MoreThe Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials1647 Words   |  7 Pagesbook length publication was Memorable Providences, Relating to Witchcraft. This publication was based on his experience with the Goodwin family. Their children became â€Å"possessed† and Mather was personally involved in the children’s deliverance. (Hill 20) Eighteen months after the Goodwin trial in Boston, Samuel Parris’ young daughter and niece began exhibiting the same strange behavior. Having read Cotton Mather’s book, he feared the worst for the children. Once examined by Dr. Griggs, andRead MoreThe Controversy Of The Salem Witch Trials1380 Words   |  6 Pagesfeelings to believe, that these misguided and wretched young person’s early in the proceedings became themselves victims of the delusion into which they plunged everyone else.† John Demos created a chart which compared the accusers and the accused, displaying a pattern. John Demos emphasizes that the majority of the accusers were single, and those accused were married. Frances Hill agrees when he writes, â€Å"These persons’ motivations for accusing others might have been revenge, but why did the girls suddenlyRead MoreCauses of the Salem Witch Trials Essay2035 Words   |  9 PagesSalem Witch Trials. Witchcraft has been present in many other religions, not only the Puritan religion. Witchcraft was also found in Catholic and Protestant parts of Europe. The Salem Witch Trials were smaller in comparison to those in Scotland, France, or Germany (Hall 3). Though the trials in Salem were smaller, people recognize the Salem Witch Trials as one of the worst times in American history (â€Å"Witch Madness† 4). The Puritans believed that the Devil was alive in their community (â€Å"Witch Madness†

Development Process

Question: Critically analyse the main components of a New Product Development process and recommend ways it can be integrated into your strategicgrowth report as a renowned innovation organisation. Your reportshould include a risk analysis that identifies the potential risks involved in the new product development process. Answer: Introduction The two concepts of invention and innovation are about each other. An Invention is something that is completely new and is created after much ideation and research process. Innovation is the improvisation or adding something thing unique or significant that is new or efficient on an existing invention. The idea of invention and innovation are of much significance in the industrial sector (Malhotra and Malhotra, 2001). Innovation is used by industries to bring in change and foster sales growth. The invention segment is very few, and Companies mainly survive on innovation. This innovation and changes carry certain inherent risks that must be assessed and managed effectively by the companies to survive. Amazon.com is cited as one of the leading internet retail companies in the scenario of innovation and risk manage. The following paragraphs describe the process and theories of the invention, innovation and the concept of risk management for the company and the process of new product dev elopment. Company Overview Amazon.com Inc is an American e-commerce internet based retail company founded in the year 1994. It provides services to consumers, sellers, enterprises and content creators. Originally selling books, the company developed to offer a range of other items. The company also provides marketing and promotional services and produces consumer electronics like Kindle e-book readers Fire phones etc. It also provides cloud computing services. The focus of the company is on selection, price and convenience. The Company is ranked number 6 as a renowned Innovative company and it strives to deliver to the most exquisite and excellent service to its customer sets. Hence the following paragraphs will make a study on the new product development process that Amazon.com adopts (Goodfellow et al., 2015). Business growth through Innovation Invention is creation of something new or finding of new ways of making the same item. An invention is possible when a thorough scientific research and study is constituted. It is the creation of something which was previously nonexistent but would make peoples life easier. The idea of innovation is bringing an improvement or a new concept and feature which will help in turning the invention into a product (Carayannis, 2013). Innovation is successful in making the business evolve, survive or grow. In many businesses the innovation is needed to solve a problem or capture an opportunity. Innovation could be multi faceted (Evolvehousing.com.au, 2015). Amazon.com has been reinventing its business with its development of the business model of innovation. They found new ways to create value and conduct business and thus they got paid for it. As business model of innovation is the basis of competitive advantage in the 21st century, it has been adopted by many. Amazon.coms business model was to eliminate unnecessary traditional features. Raise and reinvent the online retailing structure. Created cloud computing services and reduce short term profitability to increase the market share to become the leading web retailer and increase profitability for future. Amazons business model of innovation allows it to provide a diverse customer value proposition as a main competitive advantage. It keeps the company connected to the entrepreneurial roots. The company explains how business model of innovation leads to revenue and growth opportunities (Andries and Debackere, 2013).. Innovation Model The Linear Innovation model comprises of few basic steps (Ward, Shook and Sobek, 2007). It is the linear movement of the invention to innovation and finally diffusion. It summarises the following steps of Basic research followed by applied research followed by development and production and finally diffusion. It is the basic step of prioritising scientific research as the base of the invention and then to innovation. Next it is the identifying of growth opportunities, generating vale and new ideas, enter the emerging markets and create new systems, rules and metrics (Phillips, 2009). There are three other models that are the Technology Push Model, Market Pull Model and the Phase Gate Model. The Technology push model, defines the need for basic scientific research into the designing and engineering of the product to manufacturing the product and then apply marketing strategies to gain sales. The Market pull model assesses the market need and develops the product or innovates according to the need. After developing the design, the product is manufactured properly so that it could be released to drive sales. Finally the Phase gate model describes the various steps or phases involved in obtaining feedbacks and time variations to pass each gate. A gatekeeper judges the productivity of the phase and might send it back if judged inefficient. Passing of all the phases will finally yield the desired product (Annacchino, 2007). Amazon uses the market pull model to assess the market need and thus develops its products and features of service through a customer-centric ideology. The Company has an efficient information technology which is good at understanding the consumer wants and needs. Amazon hence uses the lean principle of automation to evolve as a giant internet retail store (Ijdesign.org, 2015). Amazon conducts intelligent surveys and identified that the consumers are over burdened with the complexities of the traditional web retailers, there are no clear check out points and hence they used the customer value proposition to identify the customer needs and requirements. They saw that the market need elimination of useless features and new compoact features that will provide clear system of buying and checking out. They developed this features with their Andon cord system to eliminate defects and wastes. Later they found ways to upgrade the site. They continue to ask what the customer needs and wants and thus design and develop accordingly. Amazon found the need to develop original equipment and thus came out with the Kindle e-book reader. Amazon uses marketing techniques to promote the features through advertisements and direct selling. This has finally lead to immense sale and growth as in the first year itself Amazon sold 500,000 kindles. Hence, the Market Pull theory was effective in leading to sales through its innovation model (Amazon Innovates With Its Business Model et al., 2015). Components of New Product Development Innovation is required to introduce a new product. For a new product development, the design team goes through many stages of research and studies of consumer behaviour and perception to bring in the innovation. The basic steps of new product development are given below (Anand and Kodali, 2008). Concept- it is the theme, thought or idea on the basis of which the product is developed. The concept would provide certain benefits to the organisation and achieve some technical goals. For Amazon the concept is meeting the customer requirement. Their latest innovation is offering a valuable customer service by removing defective product line and relaunching it after resolving the defect completely. Ideation- during this process the teams involved brainstorms on the ways the idea could be implemented and the ways the innovation will benefit the organisation. All the ideas are gathered and evaluated to select the best possible idea that is to be further investigated and applied. The lean principle adopted by Amazon endeavours to eliminate waste, amplify learning, fast delivery and creating value by offering quality. Design- it is the execution of the best idea and to engineer details to achieve the desired outcome. Amazon used a number of technologies and innovation like Kaizen team and usage of Andon cord to detect a defect and eliminate them (Mital and Desai, 2007). Test- it is a crucial process where the innovation is first tested in a small or medium market before it is officially released. This process finds out whether there is need of refinement and Amazon found that the andon cord was successful in eliminating tens of thousands of defect each year. Release- as soon the final test confirms that the product innovation is ready to use and will deliver the desired outcome; it is officially released in the market among the target audience. A new product development process goes though some clear steps but as this was not developed before the development of a new product means rising of new risks and uncertainties which must be gauged and addressed (Taplin, 2005). Thus as Amazon finds ways to integrate product or rather service development to provide excellent customer service and satisfaction it also has to identify potential risks and has to come out a strategy to mange this risks (Bucherer, Eisert and Gassmann, 2012). Risk Management The risk management is an ongoing process and it includes identifying the potential risks and then engaging in risk assessment for risk evaluation and solving of the issues. Some risks are inherent and cannot be solved immediately (GENUS and COLES, 2006). New Product Development is a very important part of a Companys competitive strategy. However, it is a task that is related to high risks and uncertainties. The risks are to be identified and assessed and the uncertainties should be addressed properly. Hence, the primary objective is to identify the risks associated with new product development (Charrel and Galarreta, 2007). Risk Analysis Analysing the risk means a three stage process of risk assessment, risk evaluation and risk reduction. The goal of risk assessment is identifying the risk factors and guessing what could go wrong. Once the risks are identified, it is required to understand the impact the risk will have on the organisation as a whole and individual sectors (Theeke, 2013). The final stage of the risk analysis is risk reduction that offers solutions that will lead to minimisation or containment of the risk or solving the issue as a whole. Hence, the risks associated with Amazon.coms new product development process are identified, evaluated and a resolution idea is recommended (Chew, 2008). 1. Delays or unanticipated costs in integrating the business operations, the personnel and the systems may lead to some uncertainties and difficulties that must be paid attention to. The managers tend to utilize a high volume of resources for the product development process and it leads to delay. Also, the resources are to be maintained and hence using of resources for one project on another project can lead to further delays and risks. Hence, it is important that the capacity buffer system is used to tackle and eliminate the issues (Martinbauer.com, 2015). It is assumed that using large batches is a cost effective process, but it increases the holding cost of batch maintenance and transaction cost of processing. It is thus better to use medium sized batches to reduce the cost and make the process faster. 2. One of the most impending risks is of sticking to a single development plan. The organisations like to stay in their own comfort zone and thus opportunities are lost and innovation is stagnant. Hence, it is essential that organisations modify their development plan according to the changing consumer needs to create competitive features and unique designs. Amazon.com is doing exactly that and continues to research, create and deliver new services to the changing and rising demand of its huge customer base. 3. Another identified risk is commencing a new product development phase too soon. Often, the companies are quite impatient with their sales growth and hence they rush in developing a new product line and engage in another project. They do not take out time to judge the previous project and sustain it. It utilises a lot of resources and causes delays and yields high cost. Also, the consumers might not be ready for such consecutive and continuous changes. It disrupts the tranquillity of the process and hence a company like Amazon.com must take enough time to assess the success of each new product or service introduction. Also, they should take some quality time for researching the consumer needs and launching of a new project. 4. Products that have too many features could lead to complications. Teams can be confused while deciding on which feature is more relevant and crucial. The teams should understand that feature would be most attractive and useful to customers and thus should omit the irrelevant ones. Having too many features can also lead to failure of few features as each take-up time to be developed and thus concentration on each segment is lowered. Hence, it is important that the company goes through a well-defined phase to list and develop only the relevant features. Amazon.com goes through a single product development concept at a time. It first invested in Kaizen principle of improving product processes; next it developed the Andon cord system to eliminate waste that was the most significant development in Amazon.com. Finally, the 3D printer technology that is sold by Amazon has created a revolution. It is thus seen that Amazon.com employs different strategies each time. 5. The research and development risk is associated with the Complexity of the product design and the similarity with an existing product. Since, the teams already have experience in developing new products; hence there is a chance that there might be similarities in the product design and process. It is required that the research and development team goes through a rigorous process of understanding consumer needs and behaviour of the NPD process. Amazon.com engages in the quality research of consumer insight to deliver the best services. 6. A very crucial risk with many implications is the supply risk that is the disability of the suppliers to provide quality and quantity raw materials to the company and failure to do so within a scheduled time. It disrupt the development phases and delays the process and hence it is essential that proper monitoring of the supply chain and choosing of reliable retailers will make the system efficient. Amazon has a very integrated and complex supply chain that is monitored and maintained to stay updated to the world (Hse.gov.uk, 2015). Conclusion The report was a study of the utilisation of invention in innovation in new product development for implementing strategic growth. It identifies the differences between invention and innovation and describes how innovation leads to business growth. Finally, the report takes Amazon.com into account to discuss the role of innovation and the components of product development and the associated risk analysis and the ways of risk management. Thus, a complete process of product development and risk management is provided. References Amazon Innovates With Its Business Model, N., Amazon Innovates With Its Business Model, N., Here, T., Ever, G., Hack, C., President, S. and Relative, A. (2015). Amazon Innovates With Its Business Model, Not Drones. [online] WIRED. Available at: https://www.wired.com/2014/01/amazon-innovates-business-model-drones/ [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. Anand, G. and Kodali, R. (2008). Development of a Conceptual Framework for Lean New Product Development Process.IJPD, 6(2), p.190. Andries, P. and Debackere, K. (2013). Business Model Innovation: Propositions on the Appropriateness of Different Learning Approaches.Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(4), pp.337-358. Annacchino, M. (2007).The pursuit of new product development. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Bucherer, E., Eisert, U. and Gassmann, O. (2012). Towards Systematic Business Model Innovation: Lessons from Product Innovation Management.Creativity and Innovation Management, 21(2), pp.183-198. Carayannis, E. (2013).Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship. Dordrecht: Springer Dordrecht. Charrel, P. and Galarreta, D. (2007).Project management and risk management in complex projects. Dordrecht: Springer. Chew, D. (2008).Corporate risk management. New York: Columbia University Press. Evolvehousing.com.au, (2015).Strategic Growth report | Evolve Housing. [online] Available at: https://www.evolvehousing.com.au/strategic-growth-report [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. GENUS, A. and COLES, A. (2006). FIRM STRATEGIES FOR RISK MANAGEMENT IN INNOVATION.Int. J. Innov. Mgt., 10(02), pp.113-126. Goodfellow, P., Chowdhry, A., Kroll, D., Kroll, D., Knowledge, H., Feldman, L., Feldman, L., Gara, A., Mac, R., Hof, R., Vinton, K., Mac, R., Somaney, J., Team, T., Somaney, J., Leinbach-Reyhle, N., Badenhausen, K., Rooney, J., Dan, A., Rooney, J., Fisher, D. and Badenhausen, K. (2015).Amazon.com on the Forbes World's Most Valuable Brands List. [online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/companies/amazon/ [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. Hse.gov.uk, (2015).Risk assessment. [online] Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/controlling-risks.htm [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. Ijdesign.org, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.ijdesign.org/ojs/index.php/IJDesign/article/viewFile/218/141 [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. Malhotra, Y. and Malhotra, Y. (2001).Knowledge management and business model innovation. Hershey [PA]: Idea Group Pub. Martinbauer.com, (2015).Key Steps in Risk Management | Martin Bauer. [online] Available at: https://www.martinbauer.com/Articles/Risk-Management/Key-Steps-in-Risk-Management [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. Mital, A. and Desai, A. (2007). Enhancing the product development process through a sequential approach. Part I: product design.IJPD, 4(1/2), p.146. Phillips, J. (2009). Defining Your Innovation Model: 10 Facets of Innovation.International Journal of Innovation Science, 1(1), pp.1-12. Taplin, R. (2005).Risk management and innovation in Japan, Britain and the United States. London: Routledge. Theeke, M. (2013). Innovation and External Risk Assessments.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.13174-13174. Ward, A., Shook, J. and Sobek, D. (2007).Lean product and process development. Cambridge, MA, USA: Lean Enterprise Institute. Reflective Log The task provided was a study of the innovations and risk management theories that are applied in the new product development process. Since, new product development is a crucial part of organisational growth and hence it is understood that innovation is one of the major criteria leading business growth. I have studied the fact that innovation is the key to product development and company uses it to introduce new features and developments to gain market growth. I have done a set of secondary research and found that Amazon.com is one of the renowned innovative companies which have come a long way with customer based innovations. I have been able to differentiate between invention and innovation. I gathered the theories of innovation model that have benefitted me in understanding the model which was applied by Amazon.com. The Market Pull theory was judged as the most suitable model according to Amazons vision. Another factor was the study of risks that are inherent features of product development activity. Understanding the risks and the ways of risk management is advantageous in learning the processes and identify the risks in future case scenarios. While completing this reflective log I have gone through journals and academic articles to understand the innovation models and relate in to the industrial case study of Amazon.com. Also, the research was effective in identifying and understanding the risks that are involved with product development process. I gathered the fact, that this kind of research and surveys are essential factors even when working in an Industry. The Research and development team must be going through a similar yet rigorous process to make the new product development happen successfully. During conducting the process, I also faced multiple obstacles of time and other restraints and thus I had an idea about identifying risks. All these facts and figures I gathered through online research and online survey were applied to my industrial case study. Also, describing the whole process and theories within a few words is a heavy constraint that is faced. In the end, the task was an excellent guiding activity in understanding my personal research skill and how much meaning I can decipher alone form studies. It also provided me an opportunity to study an organisation that will benefit me in future endeavour.